FDA apple juice arsenic guidelines expected

By Mark Astley, 29-Nov-2011-The US Food and Drugs Administration (FDA) could be poised to perform a U-turn on levels of arsenic in apple juice through the development of new guidelines - a letter sent to consumer groups has revealed.

In the letter sent to the Empire State Consumer Project and the Food and Water Watch, the authority said they would be collecting all relevant information before evaluating the best course of action.

Rabbis, insects, Botanicals & quality control-listen to interview

http://www.nutraingredients.com/Industry/Kosher-botanicals-Rabbis-insects-and-quality-control/?c=%2B6of2e5RNImtd9yrbGZ9jg%3D%3D&utm_source=newsletter_weekly&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Newsletter%2BWeekly

Poland Spring-read the label

DNA-certified seafood in restaurants ?

Restaurants around the world will soon use new DNA technology to assure patrons they are being served the genuine fish fillet or caviar they ordered, rather than inferior substitutes, an expert in genetic identification says.

The status of the Chazir (Cham'zir)

Sometime after Mashiach comes, the "chazir" will be permitted to eat.

The question is, will the chazir become a "maaleh-gairah" or the current chazir will become permitted?

Logic says it will become a "maaleh-gairah", as todays chazir to be permitted, we don't have to wait for mashiach, enough Rabonim have permitted chazir or treif in one way or another.

http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4152397,00.html

Rav Elyashiv On Speaking On The Phone & Driving

Maran Posek HaDor HaGaon HaRav Yosef Sholom Elyashiv Shlita was asked by rabbonim affiliated with the Chafetz Chaim road safety organization regarding a driver who speaks on a cell phone while operating a motor vehicle, Kikar Shabbat reports. The Rav was asked if such a person is classified as a ‘rodef’.

According to the report, the posek hador ruled that such a person “Is not exactly a rodef, but close to being one”.

Poland spring water-read the label

Cole slaw cabbage V bagged shredded cabbage (infestation)

For their Cole slaw they do a spot check of a few outside leaves of the cabbage-they don't even wash rinse it. Who's going to find the insects in the finished cole slaw with mayonaise, etc.

When they sell shredded cabbage, they also wash rinse it. May one rely on such a system? Ask Hisachdus re: Flaums products.

Corn on the cob-infested? ALL!

Corn on the cob-infested? ALL!

That's correct, you must remove all of the kernels, rinse & then use.

All of the "corn on the cobs" in the market even with hashgochas can't be used due to infestation.

We are surprised & shocked to find the Golden-Flow brand Corn-on-the-cob with Hishachdus hashgocha.
The thrips hide beneath the kernels.

Olive oil adulteration

The industry association of South African olive oil producers, has decided to support the adoption of the same olive oil standard recently put into place in Australia.

Andries Rabie, Chairman of the South African Olive Industry Association (SA Olive), said the government in South Africa had established a committee to consider the recommendation.

From "Good Shabbos everyone"

From: gs@notspeeding.com-
 Sent: 11/3/2011 6:06:27 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time

Good Shabbos Everyone- Parshas Lech-Lecha 5772

Good Shabbos Everyone. One day, several years ago, Reb Mordechai Shain was passing the corner of Main and Maple streets in Monsey, New York, on a Friday afternoon when he spotted a family sitting on the front steps of the Yeshivah Spring Valley.

Grape seed extracts has its kashrus issues

http://www.nutraingredients.com/Industry/Indena-grape-seed-extracts-earn-kosher-certification
 Indena grape seed extracts earn kosher certification-02-Nov-2011
Italian botanical extracts leader, Indena, has earned "LBD" kosher certification for its range of polyphenol-rich grape seed extracts from the largest kosher agency in Europe, as the market for kosher products expands. The certification took several years to achieve and included, “extensive site inspections by Rabbi Akiva Padwa”, director of certification at the UK-based kosher agency, KLBD. The review included, “the entire process from harvest, through preparation of the seeds to the extraction of the polyphenols.”
“We were delighted to go through the auditing process because KLBD is recognised by our customers as an international kosher agency,” said Christian Artaria, marketing director and head of functional food development at Indena. Certification is opening up markets and helping to make business easier.”

Nonprofits join forces to tackle botanical adulteration

Nonprofits join forces to tackle botanical adulteration - By Elaine Watson, 03-Nov-2011

Three leading not-for-profit organizations have joined forces to create an education program to help the dietary supplements trade wise up to the tricks used by unscrupulous suppliers to adulterate botanicals.

In Kashrus we must be able to "Track from Farm to Fork"

Ambitious European Project Traces Food from Farm to Fork


More than a dozen colleges and companies have joined a consortium under the guidance of the University of Wolverhampton, to pilot RFID technology as it tracks the movements of fish, wine, cheese through production and on to retailers.

Oct. 28, 2011—A European project overseen by the University of Wolverhampton and a consortium of universities, technical institutes and commercial entities is determining how radio frequency identification technology can benefit the perishable-goods supply chain. The project, known as Farm to Fork (F2F), was launched last year, with half of its funding provided by the European Commission's ICT Policy Support Program—aimed at stimulating innovation and competitiveness—which includes a half-dozen pilots throughout Europe to track fish, wine and cheese through the production process and on to stores.

Safety Of Food Ingredients

Report: Industry Determines Safety Of Food Ingredients- Associated Press- October 27, 2011

SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — Thousands of ingredients that go into food have been classified as safe by private industry alone, without any U.S. government oversight, according to a new report published Wednesday. 

 Since the early 1960's, private companies and industry trade associations have determined at least 3,000 ingredients are safe, with no federal scrutiny, the study found. The ingredients include everything from artificially synthesized chemicals used in chewing gum to grape seed extract used in cheese and instant coffee.

Oilve Oil- "liquid gold" or adulterated?

Olive oil, or "liquid gold," has been produced in California since well before the 49ers arrived. Yet as of now, only 2 percent of olive oil consumed in the U.S. is produced here. The California Olive Oil Council and its members are looking to change that.

Brocolli-"No florets"? No infestation? priced right?

British Scientists Grow Super Broccoli- October 26, 2011


LONDON (AP) -- Popeye might want to consider switching to broccoli. British scientists recently unveiled a new breed of the vegetable that experts say packs a big nutritional punch. The new broccoli was specially grown to contain two to three times the normal amount of glucoraphanin, a nutrient believed to help ward off heart disease.


"Vegetables are a medicine cabinet already," said Richard Mithen, who led the team of scientists at the Institute for Food Research in Norwich, England, that developed the new broccoli. "When you eat this broccoli ... you get a reduction in cholesterol in your blood stream," he told Associated Press Television.
Glucoraphanin works by breaking fat down in the body, preventing it from clogging the arteries. It is only found in broccoli in significant amounts.

Who's teffilin & mezuzohs did the Sofer return to you?

UPDATE: It is more common than most think.

Who's tefilin & mezuzohs did  the Sofer return to you?

It's all too common for a Sofer to receive from numerous people their teffilin & or Mezuzohs to check at the same time.

The tefilin & or Mezuzohs when opened contain many different individual items from numerous different people, all of looks basically the same.

Do they get mixed up? Yes!
You paid a lot of money for your teffilin& Mezuzohs, now you got someone else's.

What system does the sofer have to prevent even the slightest chance of a mix up? Verify 100%

You can help solve the Treif טריף milk issue.

http://yudelstake.blogspot.com/2007/07/cholov-stam-cholov-akum-cholov-treife.html

Due to the Veterinary procedures on cows, many of the cows are actualy treif טריף. Milk from a treif cow is not kosher-this has nothing to do with Cholov-akum חלב עכו"ם. In the USA practically speaking there isn't Shishim on any farm, the treif cows ranges from 3% to 8% on the average. On the Cholov yisroel farms they remove all of those procedured cows. Hence all Cholov akum milk in the USA may be Cholov-Treif and not be permitted.

The farmers association realize that there is an over supply of milk on the market and that supresses the price the farmers receive. In order to keep prices of milk higher they at times remove a certain amount of milking cows in order to create some shortage. "SEE FOLLOWING ARTICLE".

The consumers should contact the kosher certifiers to ask the "CWT" to remove on a constant basis the procedured or treif cows, the price of milk in the USA would stabilize & we would eliminate the Treif Milk from the market. Then all those that want to rely on the various leniencies re: cholov akum can do so.

BTW- In some countries e.g. Germany, all procedured cows are removed permanently from the milking herds.

********************************************************************************

5/13/2009 2:00:00 PM -Dairy Update: CWT To Remove More Than 100,000 Cowshttp://www.cattlenetwork.com/bayer_Content.asp?ContentID=314544

The dairy industry’s self-help program, Cooperatives Working Together (CWT), announced today that it has tentatively accepted 388 bids representing 102,898 cows and 2 billion pounds of milk production capacity. CWT officials will now begin the task of culling or “retiring” that many cows from the nation’s dairy herd.

It is the first in a series of herd-retirements planned over the next 12 months. The number of cows and pounds of milk represent the largest single herd-retirement carried out in the six-year history of CWT.

Dairy farmers in 41 states submitted a total of 538 herd-retirement bids by the May 1 deadline. The 388 bids tentatively accepted represent 72 percent of the total bids received by CWT. The number of cows now scheduled to be removed account for 64 percent of the total number of cows offered and the 2 billion pounds of milk account for 67 percent of the milk production offered.

“The high percentage of bids CWT selected this time around is an indication that producers understood that CWT would only be able to accept reasonable bids per hundred pounds of milk in order to adjust the nation’s dairy herd and better align supply and demand,” said Jerry Kozak, president and CEO of the National Milk Producers Federation, which administers CWT.

Starting next week, CWT field auditors will begin visiting the 388 farms whose bids were accepted, checking their milk-production records, inspecting their herds, and tagging each cow for processing. All farms should be audited by early July and cows should begin moving off dairies by late May. All bidders will be notified no later than June 12 as to whether their bid was among those accepted.

“The bids selected ranged from farms with fewer than 50 cows to dairies with over 5,000, demonstrating that farms of all sizes in all areas are facing a very difficult year in 2009,” Kozak said. “Those that took advantage of CWT’s offer to retire their herds will aid others still wanting to farm by reducing the amount of milk coming to market and strengthening prices going forward.”

“CWT, thanks to the commitment of 36 cooperative members and over 500 individual dairy farmer members, has the resources to carry out additional herd-retirements in the coming months. That is why CWT will not announce the average level of the bids accepted until all the herd-retirements are completed,” Kozak noted. “We will continue to monitor key economic indicators in order to determine the right time to implement the next herd-retirement.”

Since 2003, CWT has been responsible for culling 285,717 cows through its herd-retirement program. It has also provided export assistance.

Its efforts have been made more imperative in recent months, due to the low milk prices received by dairy producers. Officials hope that removing thousands of cows will help bring supply and demand into better balance.

Grapes have tiny insects that come off w/ washing well

New Square kashrus-
Grapes have tiny insects that come off w/ washing well. Includes all varieties.

Shabbos would be an issue of "borer".

Kosher alert:

Kosher consumers Beware:

Some Ice cream & yogurt parlors are using a mix aledegedly cholov yisroel that originates in Canada or Europe that does not remove the operated cows and therefore is actually cholov-treif.

The "Emmes" is that all USA, canada & European cholov akum is cholov treif, Per  Rav Eliyashev, Rav Wosner, Shlita & all other poiskim.

The milk from Germany does not have those procedures.

What's happening to ADEREI-HATORAHS Children?

What's happening to Lakewood's Children?

We allow them to go to every treif establishment for fress. e.g. 7-11, RITAS, Delta 1st St, Yum yum, etc Ice cream & yogurt parlors, exxon, Hangouts, etc even those that made a splash with "kivias-Mezuzah".

Everything is permitted to fress. At least till after Yom-Kippur to refrain from bishul akum, pas-akum, cholov akum = "cholov-treif", shnapps without a hashgocha, infested fruits & vegetables, etc just for starters.

What's the issues w/ honey from "really raw honey Company"?

It still contains the non kosher larva, moths, eggs, honey comb, beeswax, etc

http://www.reallyrawhoney.com/

The kosher consumer should look for a pure USA product, & a filtered honey that is not heated at all.

Solgar Vitamin E from a Heimish store in Boro Park

See below - may question and the response from the Chof-K regarding Vitamin E that I bought in a "heimishe" store in Boro Park.

Hi, I recently bought a few bottlles of Solgar vitamins from a frum shop in Boro Park.  I assumed all were under hashgocho.  One of the items was the Vitamin E gelcaps, and they have no hashgocho.  The bottle says that it is \"suitable for vegetarians.\"  Can you give me some insight on why most other items have the chof K and this does not?  I'm just trying to figure out if I can use these.  Thanks,

Kashrus alert: YATED- has non-kosher recipes

Kashrus alert: YATED- has non-kosher recipes

Throw out at least the entire section containg the recipes.
"loi-yishkahn-bi'oi'hulechah-avlah".

Others are cancelling their subscriptions.

Who's at fault for all of the street-lights still out? LAKEWOOD TOWNSHIP OFFICIALS!

http://www.thelakewoodscoop.com/news/2011/09/committeeman-meir-lichtenstien-town-should-withold-payment-to-jcpl-until-proper-service-is-provided.html

WHY “NO RAISIN” CHALAH THIS YEAR??

לידיעת הציבור!

אחרי שעברה יותר משנה שוועד הכשרות של וואלאווע ונירבאטור הותרו השגחתם מ-raisins, הצטרפו להם בי"ד התאחדות הרבנים וגם הם הוסרו השגחתם מהיום והלאה


WHY “NO RAISIN” CHALAH THIS YEAR??

The U. S. Food and Drug Administration –Raisins including golden Insects and insect eggs (AOAC 969.42 & MPM-V76)-10 or more whole or equivalent insects and 35 Drosophila eggs per 8 oz.

ALL RAISINS ARE SUSPECT INCLUDING "raisin-bran", Dole, Sun-Maid, Etc 

Brands with any Hashgocha SHOULD NOT BE USED AT THIS TIME.

Yellow Golden raisins & South African ones have less insects. It does fluctuate by batches but none are clean.

Chofetz Chaim's Yuhr'zeit- chofetz chaim on kashrus

The saintly Chofetz Chaim writes in his book, Machaneh Israel, that a Jewish soldier once asked him what he should choose. He was given the choice to be in a division under a fine commander, who allows the soldiers to slaughter and eat kosher meat, but there he would have to work on the Shabbat, or to be in another division where he would not be able to eat kosher food, but he would not be coerced to work on the Shabbat. He asked what he should do.

The Chofetz Chaim told him to go to the division where he would be forced to work on the Shabbat and added the following reason: Even though Shabbat is a capital offense, when he comes home, he would be able to observe many Shabbossim. If he eats neveilos and trefos, however, "the damage to his soul will remain permanently," [..And he will end up not eating Kosher and not observing Shabbat]

בתורה הקדושה כתוב: ואנשי קודש תהיון לי, (שמות כ"ב). על המילים ואנשי קודש תהיון לי אומר רשי הקדוש: אם אתם קדושים ופרושים מנבילות וטריפות הרי אתם שלי, ואם לאו אתם של נבוכדנצר וחבריו, הפשט הוא כך: הקדוש ברוך הוא אומר כשהיהודים יהיו קדושים, והם לא יאכלו נבילות וטריפות, אז הם יהיו שלי, וכשהם יאכלו נבילות וטריפות הם לא יהיו שלי, ועל המלים לכלב תשליכון אותו אומר רש"י: "שהכלב נכבד ממנו, הכוונה שכמישהו אוכל טריפות הוא יותר גרוע מכלב"

Shabbos-mode Appliances- an additional "Issur".

Party planners at Shabbos / Yom-tov affairs

Is it a fact that Shabbos / Yom-Tov affairs that have party planners in general involve "chilul-shabbos"?

One of the major Poiskim in the USA stated "one may not utilize party planners on a Shabbos / Yom tov affair, as it will most probably involve chilul shabbos in more than one way".

KASHRUS ALERT: EGGS

Many eggs come from Pensylvania's amish country, which have roosters in the coops-therefore a blood spot would be "ossuhr".

Lately the KREIDER eggs have a higher incidence of blood spots and or a "gershtel" which is a hard'ish piece floating in the white, usually beige but at times pinkish or red, etc.

Kreider responds:
Dear Mr. Shain,
Thank you for contacting us about your concerns and I’m terribly sorry it has taken this long to get back to you.

We are sorry to hear that you have found blood spots in our eggs. Kreider Farms label eggs, while not USDA identified on the carton, are inspected by the USDA. The USDA and our own stringent in-house egg quality audits have not revealed any problems with blood spots or small hard pieces in the white above any acceptable regulatory standards. Blood spots actually are a small piece of the reproductive process of a female chicken and on a very rare occasion, a blood vessel that has been nourishing the forming yoke may break off when the yolk is released. We do understand that clean eggs are a critical Kosher requirement.

Sardines, can we eat them? which ones? "King of the Sea"

"King of the Sea" sardines from the philipines with skin & bones were "CLEAN" when checked for infestation. King of the Sea sardines also do not have the concern of "kovush" with-non kosher species.

King of the Sea sardines from Morroco "skinless N boneless" is also clean.

From an EMAIL-

Are we ready to move ahead in the fast lane in the most serious issue in kashrus in the past century "TOLAIYIM"?

Or do we have to resort to allowing food service, caterers restaurants, etc to serve "treif" to satisfy the demanding consumer-it beats serving infested fruits & vegetables.

Defining "Trust-me" in all languages!

Defining "Trust-me" in all languages!

Trust me, means you will be taken to the cleaners (taken for a ride).

If the rrroll the "R" in Trust, you were taken already.

From the autistic

ש': פארוואס האט לייבי'ס קערפער געדארפט אזוי פארדארבן ווערן?


ת': ווייל מיר פארדארבן רוחניות'דיג אונזערע קינדער, מיט אונזער גשמיות, און דאס איז נאך אפילו ערגער פון דאס וואס דער מערדער האט געטאהן צו לייבי'ס קערפער, ווייל ער האט גע'הרג'עט נאר זיין גוף, און מיר הרג'ענען די נשמות פון אונזערע קינדער.

פארהאן נאך א גרויסער פראבלעם אין אמעריקע און אין די גאנצע וועלט, די אמעריקאנער זענען מקיל אין דעם נושא פון כשרות אין די עסן, די אמעריקאנער מוזן האבן זייערע רעסטאראנטן ) מסעדות( מיט זייערע עקסטערע געשמאקע עסן, אפילו אויב עס מיינט עסן שפייז וואס זייער כשרות איז א גרויסע פראגע צייכן.

עס איז דא א גרויסע שאלה ארום די כשרות פון די שחיטה, און פונדעסטוועגן, נאכן גרויסן סקאנדאל מיט אפאר יאהר צוריק, איז נאך אלס די בכללות'דיגע השגחה אויף די שחיטה זייער שוואך, און איך מוז אייך זאגן, אז בכלל פיל זאכן וואס מיר עסן האט באקומען א גויא'ישן אויסזעהן, און צווישן די פיצה מיט די סושי קען מען ברעכן.

נאך א קרענק אין אמעריקע 

Where's the SPINACH? (der narisheh koifer)

There was a big problem with the frozen spinach production, this year more so. The kosher certifiers realized "finally" (after the productions) that the washing of the spinach is with recirculated infested water.

The processor refused to cancel the orders. "HEFSED-MI'RIBAH" $$$$$

Solution: Don't sell it retail, sell to food service, restaurants, caterers, nursing homes, hospitals, etc

 Are they allowed to eat infested spinach? Sure! Hefsid meribah.

NOTE: If your restaurant, caterer, etc have spinach on their menu "DON'T eat any of their checked vegetables.
Can it be used if it's pureed? NO. (Who's hefsid merubah? not the consumers. By the consumer it's a li'chatchila)

CHINA- Millions of dead fish in river water authority claims "is normal"

09/05/2011 CHINA  Millions of dead fish in river water authority claims "is normal"

In the Min River, the main river of Fujian, in the space of a few days tens of millions of fish have died. People block roads to protest against authorities indifference. Gutian County produces over 100 tons of fish a day, now its economy is destroyed.

This "BLOG" is for kashrus issues,

This "BLOG" is for kashrus issues. Please keep political or other comments out. At times we will post something that we consider important to post.

May a roaming Salesman be the Mashgiach (heimish) for those establishments?

May a roaming Mashgiach (heimish) also be a salesman on the side? To the facilities he's responsible for the kashrus? WHY NOT? It's a "win-win" situation.

If he is a salesman for a product e.g. Dole Vegetables, He'll push it, even though it may be infested or it's definitely not up to par to what the food service establishment should be using. Right Shloma? but ich darf a parnusah, zuhl ich farkoifen stam treifus?

What's about selling supplies to places that are certified by your heimish hashgocha? They can't say no even if it's priced higher, I need the parnusah, I don't even have time during my rounds to see if they have any kashrus issues. (and they are a good customer of mine) "Hashoi'chad yeh'avair...."

Become a Chasidisher Heimisher Shoichet by putting on a Bibber hut, geh'kreizilteh payos, etc

What time did I eat the pizza (dairy cheese) or meat?

Exclusive : Android app that help you stay “Kosher”
By Schwarts on Thursday, August 25th, 2011 at 9:25 am.Medical “You shall not boil a young goat in its mother’s milk” – Exodus 34:26.

Kwazi, an independent workshop located in Tel Aviv and BrushGunz Release milk or Meat, a free android app that helps you Keep track of your fleischig and milchig (meat and dairy) times after eating a meal.

GreenHouse grown, WOW! What's that? Infested? Sure!

GreenHouse grown, does have insects, contrary to what others are trying to convince the gullible kosher consumer. They do have insects, but it's a somewhat controlled enviroment. One expert visited almost everyone of the "GreenHouses" in Israel and found that all of them had insects to one degree or another.

GreenHouse=insect free? NO way! Don't believe it, It's a theory that the cold facts have disproven.

Some (many) hashgochas check by swooshing the vegetables in water in a glass bowl, putting the glass bowl on a light box & checking the water. Rabosai- It just does NOT work, it's a method to convince or rather confuse everyone that they are doing an acceptable bedika.

Vinegar tainted by anti-freeze "Chinese"

Antifreeze-Tainted Vinegar Suspected In 11 Deaths In China-August 22, 2011

BEIJING (AP) — Vinegar tainted with antifreeze is suspected of killing 11 people and sickening 120 after a communal Ramadan meal in China's far western region of Xinjiang.

Yum Yum is a place that serves treifa dairy items.

Yum Yum is a place that serves treifa dairy items, yet many of the Jewish consumers consume their their food products. A Jewish consumer should not be seen even entering the facility.

Do all Cholov Yisroel farms remove the procedured cows? (they are Treif)

Kashrus alert: Do all Cholov Yisroel farms remove the procedured cows? (they are Treif)
We don't think so, the ones in Montreal we understand, are not being removed, so it's actually cholov treifah.

BEWARE: Others may be using that milk source for their Cholov Yisroel  ice cream or yogurts.

All cholov stam, cholov akum is actually cholov treifah with no reliable heter per Rav Eliyashev & Rav Wosner Shlita.

ALERT: Citrus Blast soda (Pepsi) is not kosher

Per an Email I saw from Pepsi.

KASHRUS ALERT:

Many frum stores including Lakewood, catskills, etc stores are selling all different fruits and vegetables that are infested and a bedikah by an expert is  required. Some can't be checked e.g. strawberries must be peeled, Corn on the cob-Kernels must be removed prior to using & washed.

Scallions-must be cut open all of the tubers lenghtwise & rinsed well. Frozen spinach, brocolli with florets, cauliflower should not be used at all.

The Dole with or without the stickers, should not be used. Frozen strawberries with hashgocha must be pureed prior to using.

ALERT: Corn on the cob & Scallions

Kashrus ALERT:                                                                                            

להסיר מכשול

Corn on the cob & Scallions being sold at the LAKEWOOD- NPGS Southlake store (possibly others as well) has a sign by the fresh corn on the cob. That due to weather conditions the husk should be completly removed and the whole corn washed (by NPGS kashrus).

That is misleading information, as corn on the cob is heavly infested with thrips. The corn must have all the kernels removed, rinsed first. Washing without removing the kernels off the cob will leave the insects intact.

Another item is scallions, they have no kashrus sign at all. Scallions are known to be infested with thrips. All of the tubes must be cut open completly lengthwise, rinsed well.

Chevra Pizza- Who's Cheese do they use?

Chevra Pizza (Klein's)- Whose Cheese do they use?
They say they don't know who's cheese they are using, would you use it?

Worms & parasites in fish

Introduction: Parasitology is an important field in aquatic science. Because of its close linkeage to other fields in marine sciences such as fisheries, mariculture, fish ecology and environmental monitoring, marine parasitology should be seen in the context of other marine science disciplines (see Marine Science Special Training Course-MST). Fish parasites play a major role in marine biodiversity, infecting hosts at all different trophic levels. The growth of marine aquaculture, concerns about the effects of pollution on fish health, and the possible use of parasites as biological indicator organisms has led to a steady increase in interest in this topic.

Freeze dried salmon?

Freeze-dried salmon could be the latest thing among health-conscious astronauts and military types and mountain climbers, thanks to work at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF).